Planning and types of planning
Planning the skills of anticipating, influencing and controlling the nature and direction of change. Types of Planning : The process of planning may be classified into different categories on the following basis: (i) Nature of Planning: a. Formal planning. b. Informal planning. (ii) Duration of planning: a. Short term planning. b. Long term planning. (iii) Levels of Management: a. Strategic planning. b. Intermediate planning. c. Operational planning. (iv) Use: a. Standing plans b. Single-use plans. (i) Nature of Planning: a. Formal Planning: Planning is formal when it is reduced to writing. When the numbers of actions are large it is good to have a formal plan since it will help adequate control. Advantages: 1. Proper Cooperation among employees, 2. Unity of Action, 3. Economy, 4. Proper coordination and control, 5. Choosing the right objectives, and 6. Future plan. b. Informal...
